Tropical convective outflow and near surface equivalent potential temperatures

Neural network forecasts of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures

A nonlinear forecast system for the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the whole tropical Pacific has been developed using a multi-layer perceptron neural network approach, where sea level pressure and SST anomalies were used as predictors to predict the five leading SST principal components at lead times from 3 to 15 months. Relative to the linear regression (LR) models, the nonlinea...

Surface and near-surface atmospheric temperatures for the Mars Exploration Rover landing sites

Downward-looking spectra of the martian surface from the Miniature Thermal Emission spectrometer (Mini-TES), onboard each of the two Mars Exploration Rovers, are modeled in order to retrieve surface and near-surface atmospheric temperatures. By fitting the observed radiance in the vicinity of the 15-μm CO2 absorption feature, the surface temperature and the near-surface atmospheric temperature,...

A Comparison of Convergence- and Surface-Flux-Based Convective Parameterizations with Applications to Tropical Cyclogenesis

The evolutions of radially symmetric vortices and idealized easterly waves are compared using three simple convective parameterization schemes. The parameterizations are formulated for a model atmosphere consisting of three coupled, shallow, constant-density layers. The first was developed by Ooyama and later refined by DeMaria and Pickle (the ODP scheme). Their scheme uses horizontal convergen...

Objective Classification of Tropical Mesoscale Convective Systems

A cluster analysis is applied to the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) that developed in northern Australia and the surrounding oceans during six wet seasons (September–April) from 1995/96 to 2000/01. During this period, 13 585 MCSs were identified and tracked using an infrared channel (IR1) on the Japanese Meteorological Agency Geostationary Meteorological Satellite 5 (GMS5). Based on the li...

Cirrus clouds in convective outflow during the HIBISCUS campaign